Nutrigenomics has emerged as an innovative and rapidly evolving field that investigates the interactions between dietary nutrients and the genome to better understand how nutrition influences gene expression, physiological processes, and production performance in poultry. The integration of molecular biology, genomics, and nutritional sciences has provided new opportunities to optimize poultry health, growth, feed efficiency, and product quality through precision nutrition. Unlike conventional feeding strategies that primarily focus on nutrient requirements, nutrigenomics aims to identify the molecular mechanisms through which nutrients regulate metabolic pathways, immune responses, intestinal development, and cellular homeostasis.
Recent advances in high-throughput omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, have significantly improved our understanding of nutrient–gene interactions in poultry. These technologies enable researchers to identify genes, signaling pathways, and biomarkers associated with economically important traits such as growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, disease resistance, reproductive performance, and tolerance to environmental stress. Moreover, dietary supplementation with functional feed additives, including probiotics, prebiotics, phytogenic compounds, organic acids, amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and trace minerals, has been shown to modulate gene expression, improve gut microbiota composition, enhance antioxidant capacity, and strengthen immune function.
The application of nutrigenomics also contributes to sustainable poultry production by improving nutrient utilization, reducing feed costs, minimizing nitrogen and phosphorus excretion, and decreasing the environmental impact of intensive farming systems. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence, precision feeding technologies, and bioinformatics with nutrigenomic data offers new possibilities for developing individualized nutritional programs based on genetic background, physiological status, and production objectives. Despite these promising advances, several challenges remain, including the high cost of omics technologies, the complexity of biological data integration, limited validation under commercial production conditions, and the need for standardized analytical methodologies.
Future research should emphasize multi-omics integration, host–microbiome interactions, epigenetic regulation, and predictive computational models to accelerate the practical implementation of nutrigenomics in poultry production. Overall, nutrigenomics represents a promising scientific approach that bridges molecular genetics and nutritional science, providing a foundation for precision poultry nutrition and supporting improved productivity, animal health, welfare, and environmental sustainability in modern poultry production systems.